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   　從某種意義(yi)上說，任何試驗都(dou)在一定的環(huan)境條件下(xia)進行，都(dou)可看(kan)作環(huan)境試驗，但實際上只有產品研制過程中某些以考(kao)核所設計或生產的產品對預(yu)定工作環(huan)境適應性為(wei)目(mu)標的試驗才稱之為(wei)環(huan)境試驗。

　　這并不涉(she)及產品(pin)(pin)能(neng)(neng)維持其本(ben)身具有的、多長時間的適應(ying)能(neng)(neng)力的定(ding)量指(zhi)標。顯然, 若(ruo)產品(pin)(pin)不能(neng)(neng)適應(ying)預定(ding)的環(huan)境，就(jiu)根本(ben)談不上可靠(kao)(kao)不可靠(kao)(kao)了。

　　從(cong)另一種(zhong)意義上(shang)來說(shuo)，環境試驗和其它(ta)試驗都(dou)有利于提高產(chan)品(pin)的可靠性(xing)，至少從(cong)這(zhe)些試驗中可以得(de)到(dao)一些故障信息。

　　盡管環(huan)(huan)境(jing)試(shi)驗和可靠(kao)性試(shi)驗都是在(zai)(zai)對產品施加環(huan)(huan)境(jing)應力的(de)條(tiao)件下進行，但兩(liang)者在(zai)(zai)試(shi)驗目的(de)、所用的(de)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)因(yin)素數量、試(shi)驗時間確(que)定準則(ze)，環(huan)(huan)境(jing)應力選(xuan)用準則(ze)以及(ji)試(shi)驗終止決策(ce)準則(ze)方面是大不相(xiang)同(tong)的(de)。

　　例如(ru)：環境(jing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)件在(zai)高(gao)、低貯存(cun)溫(wen)度下貯存(cun)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)為(wei)48 h、24 h ( 或者是貯存(cun)溫(wen)度能完全暴(bao)露產(chan)(chan)品(pin)貯存(cun)時(shi)(shi)(shi)所有可(ke)(ke)能出現缺(que)陷的時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)) ，而(er)可(ke)(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)是根(gen)據試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)剖面(mian)(mian)計算出來的，時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)一般(ban)為(wei)30～60 min，反復施加，總時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)可(ke)(ke)能相(xiang)(xiang)同，但作用(yong)機理不(bu)同;振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)應(ying)力(li)盡管計算方法相(xiang)(xiang)同，但量(liang)(liang)(liang)級差別(bie)很(hen)大(da)，雖可(ke)(ke)以進行試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)加速轉(zhuan)換，由于可(ke)(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)是在(zai)溫(wen)度和振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)兩種應(ying)力(li)作用(yong)下，與高(gao)量(liang)(liang)(liang)級振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)的環境(jing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)相(xiang)(xiang)比(bi)，對(dui)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的影(ying)響顯(xian)然不(bu)同。可(ke)(ke)見，這兩種試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)不(bu)能相(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)取代。但是對(dui)空空導彈的可(ke)(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，在(zai)處理自(zi)由飛(fei)這種短時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)、高(gao)量(liang)(liang)(liang)值的環境(jing)剖面(mian)(mian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，可(ke)(ke)以從經濟和有效模擬等方面(mian)(mian)進行考慮，只(zhi)(zhi)對(dui)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)進行自(zi)由振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，將試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)結果直接應(ying)用(yong)到產(chan)(chan)品(pin)可(ke)(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)工程(cheng)中(zhong)。以環境(jing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的代表性(xing)(xing)標(biao)(biao)準GJB 150《軍用(yong)設備環境(jing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)方法》( 相(xiang)(xiang)當于MIL- STD- 810 C) 及可(ke)(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)標(biao)(biao)準GJB 899《可(ke)(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)鑒定(ding)和驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)收試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)》( 相(xiang)(xiang)當于MIL- STD- 781) 兩個(ge)標(biao)(biao)準為(wei)基礎，如(ru)表2所示(shi)，對(dui)環境(jing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)和可(ke)(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)作一比(bi)較，比(bi)較的是鑒定(ding)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。實際上，可(ke)(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)收試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)和鑒定(ding)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)基本相(xiang)(xiang)同。只(zhi)(zhi)是增長試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)和鑒定(ding)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)有些差別(bie)。

　　因此，可靠性試驗必須能(neng)夠評(ping)價或通(tong)過(guo)方法(fa)來提高產(chan)品(pin)(pin)能(neng)正常(chang)工作的時間;環(huan)境適應(ying)性是考(kao)核產(chan)品(pin)(pin)在(zai)極值環(huan)境條件下(xia)正常(chang)工作的能(neng)力。這(zhe)兩種試驗在(zai)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)研制和生產(chan)中，只能(neng)相(xiang)互(hu)補(bu)充而不(bu)能(neng)取代。

　　環境試(shi)驗(yan)應(ying)作(zuo)為(wei)獨立可靠(kao)性試(shi)驗(yan)外的(de)形(xing)式存在，并與(yu)其(qi)相互(hu)補充，結合(he)成(cheng)熟的(de)環境試(shi)驗(yan)技術和相應(ying)的(de)研(yan)究成(cheng)果，為(wei)提高產品可靠(kao)性發(fa)揮應(ying)有的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。